Oil burner



J. E. KRE'SKY June 6, 1933.

OIL BURNER Filed Jan. 27, 19:51

2 Sheets-Sheet 1 I N VEN TOR. 1]6668 15'. Freaky J, I 6 /15 9 A TTORNEYS.

I BY

J. E. KRESKY June 6, 1933.

OIL BURNER Filed Jan. 27, 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet was? Z Patented June 6, 1933 PATENT "OFFICE JESSE E. IRES, OFPETALUHA, CALIFORNIA.

OIL BURNER Application. filed January 27, 1931. Serial no. 511,582.

This invention relates to fuel oil burners and especially that type in which the flame burns directly from the surface of the oil.

Fuel oil burners of numerous types and construction are in use but practically all require either atomization, carburization or gasification of the'oil to insure proper combustion. The fuel oil burner forming the subject matter of the present application is based on the principle of ordinary combustion. That is, a burner in which the flame burns directly from the surface of the oil and in which air currents are directed above the surface of the oil keeping the temperature of the main body of the oil below that of gas generation and at the same time supplying the flame with the proper volume of air to insure proper combustion.

The object of the present invention is to generally improve and simplify the construction and operation of burners of the character described; to provide an oil burner which is adapted for general installation whether it be an ordinary cook stove, a furnace, or otherwise; to provide an oil burner which may be efliciently operated without resorting to atomization, carburization or any perceptible gas'generation in order to insure combustion thus eliminating conditions which might cause an explosion; to provide a fuel oil burner in which cracking of the oil and the accompanying formation of carbon is eliminated; to provide a fuel oil burner in which the flame burns directly from the surface of the oil and in which the volume of flame and heat produced may be varied by increasing or decreasingthe area of oil exposed to combustion; to provide an oil burner in which'air to support 40 combustion is directed into the flame crosswise thereof and from opposite sides and at different elevations above the oil surface, thus insuring a homogeneous mixture .of oxygen and products of combustion and reit taining the temperature of the main body of the oil below that of gas generation; and, further, to provide a fuel oil burner in which an excess of oil will cause a reduction in flame volume and temperature and eliminate all danger of explosion, flooding of the burner, etc.

The oil burner is shown by way of illus tration in the accompanying drawings, in which- Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the burner 56 partially in section,

Fig. 2 is a plan view partially in section and partially broken away, the sectional portion being taken on line II -II of Fi 1,

Fig. 3 is a cross section taken on line 60 IIIIII of Fig. 1,

Fig. 4 shows one method of installing the burner,

Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the burner housing,

Fig. 6 is a perspective view showing the bottom surface of the cover section of the burner,

Fig. 7 is a sectional view showing the manner in which a burner of this character is installed in an ordinar cook stove.

Referring to the drawings in detail and particularly Figs. 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6, A indicates a burner housing or base plate and B a cover member adapted to be supported thereby. The housingA consists of a base or bottom section 2, end sections 33 and side sections 4-4. The housing is rectangular and elongated in shape as shown and a rib or flange 5 extends from end to end thereof and forms an overflow trough 6 to which is connected an overflow or discharge pipe 7. A pan or chamber is formed between the end walls 33the side wall 4 and the flange 5. This chamber presents a plurality of shallow depressions of increasing area which are disposed at successively higher elevations, the depressions being indicated at 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12. The central or lowermost depression forms a well into which oil is admitted through a pipe 13, this being connected with a suitable source 0 uel oil supply and being providedwith a valve 14 whereby the amount of oil delivered may be regulated. When the valve is open to a certain degree oil enters and adually fills the well and when it is full e oil overflows into the delesion 9. When this is full the oil overflows into the de ression 10 and when this is full the oil overflbws into .depression 11 and when this is full it overflows the uppermost surface or depresion 12. From here it finally overflows into the discharge trough 6 and is returned by a pipe 7 to the source of supply or is delivered to an automatic valve closing mechanism not here shown.

The oil in overflowing one surface after another gradually spreads and presents a larger and lar er surface from which the flames burn an as such regulates the volume of fire and temperature produced. The smallest fire possible to maintain and which may be termed the ilot flame is obtained when the oil burns f om the surface of the well only. The next fire is obtained when the oil is buring from the depression 9 and the largestfire is obtained when the oil overflows the uppermost surface 12. The amount of oil consumed is in direct proportion to the surface area of oil presented and it is accordingly possible to maintain a flame volume of any size desired by merely regulatm the valve to a point where a lperedetermine oil level of exposed area will maintained.

The cover member B is constructed in the form of a plate in which is formed an elongated opening 15. On the under surface of the plate are formed two end flanges 1616 and on opposite sides of the opening are formed side flanges 17 and 18. The side flange 17 is slotted to provide a plurality of air inlet openings 19. The side flange 18 is similarly slotted as shown at 20 and it is also provided with a plurality of rforations such as indicated at 21'and 22. he slots 19 and 20 and the perforations 21 and 22 are staggered with relation to each other and the are all disposed at a point above the hig est oil level which it is possible to maintain. They are furthermore disposed at dif ferent elevations with relation to each other as shown and as such produce a plurality of cross currents of air which parallel 'each other in passing through the flame and which furthermore pass through the flame at different elevations without colliding with each other, thus insuring an ample supply of oxygen to the flame which is burningfrom the surface of the oil.

The burner ma operate on natural draft but is preferabfy operated, particularly where a comparatively large fire is desired, with a forced draft. Such an arrangement is shown in Fig. 4. In this instance the cover member B is supported by a sheet irpn staggered eve penetrated an housing or the like at one end of which is mounted a fan or blower such as shown at 26. This blower may be operated in any suitable manner and 1s in this instance connected with an electric motor 27. When a circuit is closed throu h the motor air will be forced inwardly in t e direction of arrow 0. It will then pass around the side flanges 44 of the burner housing and will finally enter the burner at a point below the cover plate B and the opening 15 through the slots 19 and 20 and t e perforations 21 and 22 and as the slots and rforations are disposed in the opposite side walls, the air will pass throu h the flame from opposite sides thereof an will cause a thorough co-minghpg or homogeneous mixture. of air and pr nets of combustion thus insuring eflicient combustion of the oil.

In actual operation when it is desired to start the burner it is only necessary to partially open the valve 14. The moment this is o ned oil will enter the well 8 and it is en only necessary to apply a lighted paper or match to ignite the oil. The moment this is accomplished the motor 27 which operates the blower 26: is started. If the valve is sufiiciently o' ned the oil will gradually overflow the well and run into the depression 9 and as it overflows into this depression the exposed area of oil from which the flame burns gradually increases. If a larger fire is desired the valve is further opened and the oil will then gradually overflow into the depression 10 and so on,-

thus further increasing the area of oil exposed; the final or maximum fire condition being obtained when the oil overflows the final area 12, the air slots 19 and 20 and the rforations 21 and 22 passes through the ame from opposite sides and as the slots and part of the flame area is a thorou h mixture of air and flame is insured; T e flame produced discharges upwardly through the opening 15 m the orm of a dazzling white flame which is intensely hot and smokeless.

In most burners an execs feeding of oil is usually a source of danger as it may increase the size of the fire to such an extent as to produce overheating, melting down of the fire box, flooding, and so on. In the present instance such danger is entirely eliminated as excess oil in t instance will merely overflow into the trough 6 from where it is returned to the source of supply through pipe 7 or it may be delivered to an automatic trip in mechanism or the like which shuts of? tfie oil flow to the burner. Such mechanism is not illustrated as it is in common use and forms no art of the present invention. It may fu ermore be stated that when the oil due to execs feeding reaches the point where it perforations are entering through the overflows into the trough the surface of the oil comes so close to the lowermost cross currents of air that a-cooling effect takes place, thus, if anything, reducing the volume of flame by the cooling effect roduced.

The burner is exceedingly simp e in construction as it consists of only two parts, to-wit, the main housing A and the cover section B. These are both made of cast iron and the only machine work required in connection therewith is drilling of the lugs and the cover plate B. This may even be eliminated if desired as such holes can obviously be cored. The cover plate as shown in Fig. 4 rests upon the sheet metal housing through which the air is delivered and it is secured thereto by screws and bolts indicated at 31, the housin being in turn secured to the cover plate y the bolts 32 20 which extend through the lugs 30. The inj stallation is accordingly exceedingly simple as the only other work required in connection therewith is the connection of the pipes whereby oil is delivered to the well and return or overflow pipe 7. The arrangement shown in Fig. 4 is suitable for installation in practically any type furnace box, while the installation shown in Fig. 7 is particularly intended for cook stoves, ranges, and furnaces which are equipped with a gratlng such as shown at 33. In such an installation the cover late B and housing A are supported by s eet iron members such as indicated at 34. These rest directly on top of the grating and a filler of sand or other refractory material is placed exterior of the same so as to prevent any air by-passing the burner. Natural draft or forced draft may be employed by directing the air under the grate. The air passesupwardly between the grates and enters the flame area as previously described.

Clogging of the fuel delivery line 1s prevented by placing a rivet 35 in the upper end of the feed pipe. The sides of the rivet are bent downwardly and as such retains the head of the rivet slightly elevated with relation to the pipe opening. It forms a cover over the delivery pipe and at the same time permits free escape of oil. Such a covering prevents sediment or foreign matter of any character such as burnt match ends, etc., from dropping in the delivery pipe and clogging the same. It may furthermore be stated that the feed pipe is at all times submerged in comparatively cool oil and as such is protected against contact with the flame, thereby preventing carbon formation in the outlet of the fuel pipe that would tend to clog the same. To prevent clogging of the overflow pipe 7 a perforated screen or the like shown at 36 is placed in the trough. This is secured by means of screws 3'1 and collects any. foreign matter which might otherwise enter the discharge pipe and clog the same. i

Whjle certain features of the present invention are more or less specifically described, I wish it understood that various changes may be resorted to within the scope of the appended claims. Similarly, that the materials and finish of the several parts employed. may be such as the manufacturer may decide, or varying conditions or uses" through which the flames of the burning oil' discharge, side and end walls formed on the cover and spacing the cover from the housing, a pluralit of air inlet openings formed in the side wa ls of the cover plate on opposite sides thereof, said openings being disposed-at different elevations in the said op posite wall above the oil surface to permit separate currents of air to be directed simultaneousl across the surface of the oil from one si e of the housing to the other in opposite directions and at different elevations so as not to collide with each other, means for directing the air into and through said openings, and means for supplying oil to the burner.

2. An oil burner comprising a rectangular-shaped housing having a depression formed interior thereof extending longitudinally of the housing from end to end and said depression forming a reservoir for a quantity of oil to be burned, a cover member having an o ning formed therein through which the ames of the burning oil discharge, a pair of side walls formed on the lower surface of the cover and extending substantially from end to end of the housing, said walls maintaining a predetermined spacing between the houslng and the cover and said walls having a plurality of openings formed therein staggered with relation to each other and disposed at different elevations with relation to the surface of the burning oil in the housing, means securing the housing with relation to the cover, and means for directing air from opposite sides through the openings formed in the side walls so that air will ass crosswise through the flame in opposite irections and at difl'erent elevations without colliding so as to insure intimate contact and mixture of flame and air and to keep the oilat low temperature, and means for supplying oil to the burner.

' from the housing, a plura which will meet oiltothe surface against the 8. An oil burner comprising a rectangular-sheyied housing having a depression form interior thereof extendin longitudinally of the housing from en I to end, 5 said depression forming a remrvoir for oil to be burned, a cover member havi an opening formed therein through which the flames of the burning oil discharge, side and 7 end walls on the cover and spacing the cover ity 0 air inlet openings formed in one side wall of the cover positioned to direct a current of air across the surface of the oil to direct the flame burning from the surface of the oil against the opposite side of the housing to intensely heat a rtion thereof, a plurality of air inlet openmgs formed in the opposite side wall of the cover at a point above said intensely heated rtion and at a hi her elevation than t e first-named air mlet openings to introduce further air into the flame and to direct the flame back toward the first-named side wall of the cover, a plurality of air inlet 0 nings formed in the first-named side wal of the cover at the same elevation as the second-named air inlet openings and in alignment therewith so as to provide two superimposed currents of air directed from op site sides of the cover m1 way between the sides of the cover and deflect the flame upwardly through the opening in the cover member, means for directing the air into all of said air inlet 0 nings, and means for supplying urner,

4. An oil burner comprising a rectangular-shaped housing having a bottom section, end sections, and side sections, one side section forming a wall having an imperforate area, an elongated well formed in the bottom section, a plurality of raised surfaces on the bottom section on the side opposite said imperforate area, said raised surfaces presenting surfaces of increasing area, means for delivering-oil to the well and for controllin' the flow of oil so that it may overflow om the well to cover one or more of the raised surfaces,.whereby the area of oilexposed for burning may be varied, a cover member for the housing having an elongated opening formed therein through which the flame projects, side and end walls on the cover and spacing the cover from the housing, air inlet openings formed in one of the side walls of the cover on a level with the uppermost raised surface and adjacent the same, said openings being positioned to direct a current of air across the surface of the oil and deflect a flame burning from the said im rforate area to intensely heat it, a plural it y of air inlet openings formed in the opposite side wall of the cover above the imperforate area and at a higher elevation than the first-named air inl et openings to introduce further air into- JESSE E. KRESKY.

in the cover member 

